polartoolkit.fetch

Attributes

ENGINE
USE_ARROW

Classes

EarthDataDownloader

Either pulls login details from pre-set environment variables, or prompts user to

Functions

get_fetches()	get all the fetch functions defined in this module.
resample_grid(grid[, initial_spacing, initial_region, ...])	Resample a grid to a new spacing, region, and/or registration. Method of resampling
sample_shp(name)	Load the file path of sample shapefiles
mass_change([version, hemisphere, region, spacing, ...])	Ice-sheet height and thickness changes from ICESat to ICESat-2 for both Antarctica
basal_melt([version, variable, region, spacing, ...])	Antarctic ice shelf basal melt rates for 1994-2018 from satellite radar altimetry.
buttressing(version[, variable, region, spacing, ...])	Antarctic ice shelf buttressing.
ice_vel([region, spacing, registration, hemisphere])	MEaSUREs Phase-Based Ice Velocity Maps for Antarctica and Greenland.
modis([version, hemisphere])	Load the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MoA) or Greenland (MoG) imagery.
modis_moa([version])	deprecated function, use modis(hemisphere="south") instead
modis_mog([version])	deprecated function, use modis(hemisphere="north") instead
imagery()	Load the file path of Antarctic imagery geotiff from LIMA from
geomap([version, region])	Data from GeoMAP accessed from
groundingline([version])	Load the file path of two versions of groundingline shapefiles
measures_boundaries([version])	Deprecated, see the new function antarctic_boundaries instead
antarctic_boundaries(version)	Load various files from the MEaSUREs Antarctic Boundaries for IPY 2007-2009
sediment_thickness(version[, region, spacing, ...])	Load 1 of 4 'versions' of sediment thickness data.
ibcso_coverage([region])	Load IBCSO v2 data, from Dorschel et al.[1] and
ibcso(layer[, reference, region, spacing, registration])	Load IBCSO v2 data, from Dorschel et al.[1] and
bedmachine(layer[, reference, region, spacing, ...])	Load BedMachine topography data from either Greenland (v5) or Antarctica (v3), from
bedmap_points(version[, region])	Load bedmap point data, choose from Bedmap 1, 2 or 3 or all combined.
bedmap3(layer[, reference, region, spacing, ...])	Load Bedmap3 data as an xarray.DataArray
bedmap2(layer[, reference, region, spacing, ...])	Load bedmap2 data as xarray.DataArrays
rema([version, region, spacing, registration])	Load the REMA surface elevation data from Howat et al.[2]. The data
deepbedmap([region, spacing, registration])	Load DeepBedMap data, from Leong and Horgan[3] and
gravity(version[, region, spacing, registration, ...])	Loads gravity anomaly data for the Arctic and Antarctic.
etopo([region, spacing, registration, hemisphere])	Loads a grid of Antarctic topography from ETOPO1 from ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis[4].
geoid([region, spacing, registration, hemisphere])	Loads a grid of Antarctic geoid heights derived from the EIGEN-6C4 from
magnetics(version[, region, spacing, registration, ...])	Load magnetic anomaly data for the Arctic and Antarctic.
ghf(version[, region, spacing, registration])	Load 1 of 6 'versions' of Antarctic geothermal heat flux data.
gia(version[, region, spacing, registration])	Load 1 of 1 'versions' of Antarctic glacial isostatic adjustment grids.
crustal_thickness(version[, region, spacing, registration])	Load 1 of x 'versions' of Antarctic crustal thickness grids.
moho(version[, region, spacing, registration])	Load 1 of x 'versions' of Antarctic Moho depth grids.

Module Contents

ENGINE = 'pyogrio'

USE_ARROW = True

get_fetches()

get all the fetch functions defined in this module.

Returns:

names of each fetch function

Return type:

list[str, tuple[float, float, float, float] ]

resample_grid(grid, initial_spacing=None, initial_region=None, initial_registration=None, spacing=None, region=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Resample a grid to a new spacing, region, and/or registration. Method of resampling depends on comparison with initial and supplied values for spacing, region, and registration. If initial values not supplied, will try and extract them from the grid.

Parameters:

• grid (str | xarray.DataArray) – grid to resample

• initial_spacing (float | None, optional) – spacing of input grid, if known, by default None

• initial_region (tuple[float, float, float, float] | None, optional) – region of input grid, if known, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax] by default None

• initial_registration (str | None, optional) – registration of input grid, if known, by default None

• spacing (float | None, optional) – new spacing for grid, by default None

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float] | None, optional) – new region for grid in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default None

• registration (str | None, optional) – new registration for grid, by default None

• kwargs (dict[str, str])

Returns:

grid, either resampled or same as original depending on inputs. If no resampling, and supplied grid is a filepath, returns filepath.

Return type:

str | xarray.DataArray

class EarthDataDownloader

Either pulls login details from pre-set environment variables, or prompts user to input username and password. Will persist the entered details within the python session.

__call__(url, output_file, dataset)

Parameters:

• url (str)

• output_file (str)

• dataset (Any)

Return type:

None

sample_shp(name)

Load the file path of sample shapefiles

Parameters:

name (str) – chose which sample shapefile to load, either ‘Disco_deep_transect’ or ‘Roosevelt_Island’

Returns:

file path as a string

Return type:

str

mass_change(version=None, hemisphere=None, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Ice-sheet height and thickness changes from ICESat to ICESat-2 for both Antarctica and Greenland from Smith et al.[5].

Choose a version of the data to download with the format: “ICESHEET_VERSION_TYPE” where ICESHEET is “ais” or “gris”, for Antarctica or Greenland, VERSION is “dhdt” for total thickness change or “dmdt” for corrected for firn-air content. For Antarctic data, TYPE is “floating” or “grounded”.

add “_filt” to retrieve a filtered version of the data for some versions.

accessed from https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/45388

Units are in m/yr

Parameters:

• version (str, optional,) – choose which version to retrieve, by default is “ais_dhdt_grounded” for Antarctica and “gris_dhdt” for Greenland.

• hemisphere (str, optional) – choose which hemisphere to retrieve data for, “north” or “south”, by default None

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (float, optional,) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default is 5km

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is “p”.

• kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to resample_grid

Returns:

Returns a grid of Antarctic or Greenland ice mass change in meters/year.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[1] (1,2,3,4)

Boris Dorschel, Laura Hehemann, Sacha Viquerat, Fynn Warnke, Simon Dreutter, Yvonne Schulze Tenberge, Daniela Accettella, Lu An, Felipe Barrios, Evgenia Bazhenova, Jenny Black, Fernando Bohoyo, Craig Davey, Laura De Santis, Carlota Escutia Dotti, Alice C. Fremand, Peter T. Fretwell, Jenny A. Gales, Jinyao Gao, Luca Gasperini, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Jennifer Henderson Jencks, Kelly Hogan, Jong Kuk Hong, Martin Jakobsson, Laura Jensen, Johnathan Kool, Sergei Larin, Robert D. Larter, German Leitchenkov, Benoît Loubrieu, Kevin Mackay, Larry Mayer, Romain Millan, Mathieu Morlighem, Francisco Navidad, Frank O. Nitsche, Yoshifumi Nogi, Cécile Pertuisot, Alexandra L. Post, Hamish D. Pritchard, Autun Purser, Michele Rebesco, Eric Rignot, Jason L. Roberts, Marzia Rovere, Ivan Ryzhov, Chiara Sauli, Thierry Schmitt, Alessandro Silvano, Jodie Smith, Helen Snaith, Alex J. Tate, Kirsty Tinto, Philippe Vandenbossche, Pauline Weatherall, Paul Wintersteller, Chunguo Yang, Tao Zhang, and Jan Erik Arndt. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2. Scientific Data, 9(1):275, December 2022. doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01366-7.

[2] (1,2,3)

Ian M. Howat, Claire Porter, Benjamin E. Smith, Myoung-Jong Noh, and Paul Morin. The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 13(2):665–674, February 2019. doi:10.5194/tc-13-665-2019.

[3] (1,2)

Wei Ji Leong and Huw Joseph Horgan. DeepBedMap: a deep neural network for resolving the bed topography of Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 14(11):3687–3705, November 2020. doi:10.5194/tc-14-3687-2020.

[4] (1,2)

ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. 2009. doi:10.7289/V5C8276M.

[5]

B. Smith, Helen A. Fricker, Alex S. Gardner, Brooke Medley, Johan Nilsson, Fernando S. Paolo, Nicholas Holschuh, Susheel Adusumilli, Kelly Brunt, Bea Csatho, Kaitlin Harbeck, Thorsten Markus, Thomas Neumann, Matthew R. Siegfried, and H. Jay Zwally. Pervasive ice sheet mass loss reflects competing ocean and atmosphere processes. Science, pages eaaz5845, April 2020. doi:10.1126/science.aaz5845.

basal_melt(version='w_b', variable=None, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Antarctic ice shelf basal melt rates for 1994-2018 from satellite radar altimetry. from Adusumilli et al.[6].

accessed from http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb0448974g

reading files and preprocessing from supplied jupyternotebooks: sioglaciology/ice_shelf_change

Units are in m/yr

Parameters:

• version (str) – choose which version to load, either ‘w_b’ for basal melt rate, ‘w_b_interp’, for basal melt rate with interpolated values, and ‘w_b_uncert’ for uncertainty

• variable (str | None)

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float] | None)

• spacing (float | None)

• registration (str | None)

• kwargs (Any)

Returns:

Returns a dataarray of basal melt rate values

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[6]

Susheel Adusumilli, Helen Amanda Fricker, Brooke Medley, Laurie Padman, and Matthew R. Siegfried. Interannual variations in meltwater input to the Southern Ocean from Antarctic ice shelves. Nature Geoscience, 13(9):616–620, September 2020. doi:10.1038/s41561-020-0616-z.

buttressing(version, variable=None, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Antarctic ice shelf buttressing. from .

accessed from https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0664/versions/1

Units are in m/yr

Parameters:

• version (str) – choose which version to load, either ‘max’ for maximum buttressing, ‘min’ for minimum buttressing, ‘flow’ for along-flow buttressing, or ‘viscosity’ for estimated ice viscosity values

• variable (str | None)

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float] | None)

• spacing (float | None)

• registration (str | None)

• kwargs (Any)

Returns:

Returns a dataarray of buttressing or viscosity values

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

ice_vel(region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, hemisphere=None, **kwargs)

MEaSUREs Phase-Based Ice Velocity Maps for Antarctica and Greenland.

Antarctica: version 1 from Mouginot et al.[7] and Mouginot et al.[8].

accessed from https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0754/versions/1#anchor-1 Data part of https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083826

Greenland: version 1 from MEaSUREs Multi-year Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity Mosaic, Version 1[9]

accessed from https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0670/versions/1

Units are in m/yr

Requires an EarthData login, see Tutorials/Download Polar datasets for how to configure this.

Parameters:

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (float, optional,) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default is 5km for Antarctica (original data is 450m), and 250m for Greenland

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• hemisphere (str, optional) – choose which hemisphere to retrieve data for, “north” or “south”, by default None

• kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to resample_grid

Returns:

Returns a calculated grid of ice velocity in meters/year.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[7]

J. Mouginot, E. Rignot, and B. Scheuchl. Continent-wide, interferometric SAR phase, mapping of Antarctic ice velocity. Geophysical Research Letters, 46(16):9710–9718, 2019. doi:10.1029/2019GL083826.

[8]

J. Mouginot, E. Rignot, and B. Scheuchl. MEaSUREs Phase Map of Antarctic Ice Velocity, Version 1. 2019. doi:10.5067/PZ3NJ5RXRH10.

[9]

MEaSUREs Multi-year Greenland Ice Sheet Velocity Mosaic, Version 1. https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0670/versions/1, October 2020.

modis(version=None, hemisphere=None)

Load the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MoA) or Greenland (MoG) imagery.

Antarctica: from Haran et al.[10] and Scambos et al.[11].

accessed from https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0593/versions/2

Greenland: from Haran et al.[12] accessed from https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0547/versions/2

Requires an EarthData login, see Tutorials/Download Polar datasets for how to configure this.

Parameters:

• version (str, optional) – for Antarctica, choose between “750m” or “125m” resolutions, by default “750m”, for Greenland, choose between “500m” or “100m” resolutions, by default “500m”

• hemisphere (str, optional) – choose which hemisphere to retrieve data for, “north” or “south”, by default None

Returns:

filepath for MODIS Imagery

Return type:

str

References

[10]

T. Haran, J. Bohlander, T A Scambos, T. Painter, and M. Fahnestock. MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica 2008-2009 (MOA2009) Image Map, Version 2. 2021. doi:10.5067/4ZL43A4619AF.

[11]

T.A. Scambos, T.M. Haran, M.A. Fahnestock, T.H. Painter, and J. Bohlander. MODIS-based Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) data sets: Continent-wide surface morphology and snow grain size. Remote Sensing of Environment, 111(2-3):242–257, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.020.

[12] (1,2)

T. Haran, J. Bohlander, T. A. Scambos, T. Painter, and M. Fahnestock. MEaSUREs MODIS Mosaic of Greenland (MOG) 2005, 2010, and 2015 Image Maps, Version 2. 2018. doi:10.5067/9ZO79PHOTYE5.

modis_moa(version='750m')

deprecated function, use modis(hemisphere=”south”) instead

Parameters:

version (str)

Return type:

str

modis_mog(version='500m')

deprecated function, use modis(hemisphere=”north”) instead

Parameters:

version (str)

Return type:

str

imagery()

Load the file path of Antarctic imagery geotiff from LIMA from Bindschadler et al.[13]. accessed from https://lima.usgs.gov/

will replace with below once figured out login issue with pooch MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica: https://doi.org/10.5067/68TBT0CGJSOJ Assessed from https://daacdata.apps.nsidc.org/pub/DATASETS/nsidc0730_MEASURES_MOA2014_v01/geotiff/

Returns:

file path

Return type:

str

References

[13]

Robert Bindschadler, Patricia Vornberger, Andrew Fleming, Adrian Fox, Jerry Mullins, Douglas Binnie, Sara Jean Paulsen, Brian Granneman, and David Gorodetzky. The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(12):4214–4226, December 2008. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.006.

geomap(version='faults', region=None)

Data from GeoMAP accessed from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.951482?format=html#download

from Cox et al.[14] and Cox et al.[15].

Parameters:

• version (str, optional) – choose which version to retrieve, “faults”, “units”, “sources”, or “quality”, by default “faults”

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

Returns:

Returns a geodataframe

Return type:

geopandas.GeoDataFrame

References

[14]

Simon C. Cox, Belinda Smith Lyttle, Samuel Elkind, Christine Smith Siddoway, Paul Morin, Giovanni Capponi, Tamer Abu-Alam, Matilda Ballinger, Lauren Bamber, Brett Kitchener, Luigi Lelli, Jasmine Mawson, Alexie Millikin, Nicola Dal Seno, Louis Whitburn, Tristan White, Alex Burton-Johnson, Laura Crispini, David Elliot, Synnøve Elvevold, John Goodge, Jacqueline Halpin, Joachim Jacobs, Adam P. Martin, Eugene Mikhalsky, Fraser Morgan, Phil Scadden, John Smellie, and Gary Wilson. A continent-wide detailed geological map dataset of Antarctica. Scientific Data, 10(1):250, May 2023. doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02152-9.

[15]

Simon Christopher Cox, Belinda Smith Lyttle, Samuel Elkind, Christine S. Smith Siddoway, Paul Morin, Giovanni Capponi, Tamer Abu-Alam, Matilda Ballinger, Lauren Bamber, Brett Kitchener, Luigi Lelli, Jasmine F. Mawson, Alexie Millikin, Nicola Dal Seno, Louis Whitburn, Tristan White, Alex Burton-Johnson, Laura Crispini, David Elliot, Synnøve Elvevold, John W. Goodge, Jacqueline A. Halpin, Joachim Jacobs, Eugene Mikhalsky, Adam P. Martin, Fraser Morgan, John Smellie, Phil Scadden, and Gary S. Wilson. The GeoMAP (v.2022-08) continent-wide detailed geological dataset of Antarctica. 2023. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.951482.

groundingline(version='measures-v2')

Load the file path of two versions of groundingline shapefiles

version = “depoorter-2013” from Depoorter et al.[16]. Supplement to Depoorter et al.[17].

version = “measures-v2” from Mouginot et al.[18]. accessed at https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0709/versions/2

version = “BAS” from Gerrish[19]. accessed at https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=8cecde06-8474-4b58-a9cb-b820fa4c9429

version = “measures-greenland” from Haran et al.[12].

Some versions require an EarthData login, see Tutorials/Download Polar datasets for how to configure this.

Parameters:

version (str, optional) – choose which version to retrieve, by default “measures-v2”

Returns:

file path

Return type:

str

References

[16]

Mathieu A. Depoorter, Jonathan L. Bamber, Jennifer Griggs, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Stefan R. M. Ligtenberg, Michiel R. van den Broeke, and Geir Moholdt. Antarctic masks (ice-shelves, ice-sheet, and islands), link to shape file. 2013. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.819147.

[17]

M. A. Depoorter, J. L. Bamber, J. A. Griggs, J. T. M. Lenaerts, S. R. M. Ligtenberg, M. R. van den Broeke, and G. Moholdt. Calving fluxes and basal melt rates of Antarctic ice shelves. Nature, 502(7469):89–92, 2013. doi:10.1038/nature12567.

[18] (1,2)

J. Mouginot, B. Scheuchl, and E. Rignot. MEaSUREs Antarctic Boundaries for IPY 2007-2009 from Satellite Radar, Version 2. https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0709/versions/2, 2017.

[19]

Laura Gerrish. The coastline of Kalaallit Nunaat/ Greenland available as a shapefile and geopackage, covering the main land and islands, with glacier fronts updated as of 2017. December 2020. doi:10.5285/8CECDE06-8474-4B58-A9CB-B820FA4C9429.

measures_boundaries(version=None)

Deprecated, see the new function antarctic_boundaries instead

Parameters:

version (str | None)

Return type:

str

antarctic_boundaries(version)

Load various files from the MEaSUREs Antarctic Boundaries for IPY 2007-2009

from Mouginot et al.[18]. accessed at https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0709/versions/2

Requires an EarthData login, see Tutorials/Download Polar datasets for how to configure this.

Parameters:

version (str,) – choose which file to retrieve from the following list: “Coastline”, “Basins_Antarctica”, “Basins_IMBIE”, “IceBoundaries”, “IceShelf”, “Mask”

Returns:

file path

Return type:

str

References

sediment_thickness(version, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Load 1 of 4 ‘versions’ of sediment thickness data.

version=’ANTASed’ From Baranov et al.[20]. Accessed from https://www.itpz-ran.ru/en/activity/current-projects/antased-a-new-sediment-model-for-antarctica/

version=’tankersley-2022’ From Tankersley et al.[21], Tankersley et al.[22].

version=’lindeque-2016’ From Lindeque et al.[23] and Lindeque et al.[24].

version=’GlobSed’ From Straume et al.[25]. Accessed from https://ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/sedthick/

Parameters:

• version (str,) – choose which version of data to fetch.

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• **kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of sediment thickness.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[20]

A. Baranov, A. Morelli, and A. Chuvaev. ANTASed – An Updated Sediment Model for Antarctica. Frontiers in Earth Science, 9:722699, August 2021. doi:10.3389/feart.2021.722699.

[21]

Matthew Tankersley, Huw J. Horgan, Christine S. Siddoway, Fabio Caratori-Tontini, and K. J. Tinto. Basement Topography and Sediment Thickness Beneath Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf. Geophysical Research Letters, May 2022. doi:10.1029/2021GL097371.

[22]

Matthew Tankersley, Huw J. Horgan, Christine S. Smith Siddoway, Fabio Caratori Tontini, and Kirsty Tinto. Basement topography and sediment thickness beneath Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf imaged with airborne magnetic data. 2022. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.941238.

[23]

Ansa Lindeque, Karsten Gohl, Florian Wobbe, and Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben. Pre-glacial to glacial sediment thickness grids for the Southern Pacific Margin of West Antarctica, NetCDF files. 2016. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.864906.

[24]

Ansa Lindeque, Karsten Gohl, Florian Wobbe, and Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben. Preglacial to glacial sediment thickness grids for the Southern Pacific Margin of West Antarctica: Preglacial, transitional and full glacial isopach maps, West Antarctica. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 17(10):4276–4285, 2016. doi:10.1002/2016GC006401.

[25]

E. O. Straume, C. Gaina, S. Medvedev, K. Hochmuth, K. Gohl, J. M. Whittaker, R. Abdul Fattah, J. C. Doornenbal, and J. R. Hopper. GlobSed: Updated Total Sediment Thickness in the World’s Oceans. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20(4):1756–1772, April 2019. doi:10.1029/2018GC008115.

ibcso_coverage(region=None)

Load IBCSO v2 data, from Dorschel et al.[1] and Dorschel et al.[26].

Parameters:

region (tuple[float, float, float, float] or None) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

Returns:

Returns two geodataframes; points and polygons for a subset of IBCSO v2 point measurement locations. Column ‘dataset_tid’ is the type identifier from IBCSO. The points geodataframe contains all individual point measurements, including single-beam (TID 10), seismic points (TID 12), isolated soundings (TID 13), ENC sounding (TID 14), grounded iceberg draft (TID 46), and gravity-inverted bathymetry (TID 45). The polygon geodataframe contains all polygon measurements, including multi-beam (swath) (TID 11), contours from charts (TID 42), or other unknown sources (TID 71).

Return type:

tuple[geopandas.GeoDataFrame, geopandas.GeoDataFrame]

References

[26] (1,2)

Boris Dorschel, Laura Hehemann, Sacha Viquerat, Fynn Warnke, Simon Dreutter, Yvonne Schulze Tenberge, Daniela Accettella, Lu An, Felipe Barrios, Evgenia A. Bazhenova, Jenny Black, Fernando Bohoyo, Craig Davey, Laura de Santis, Carlota Escutia Dotti, Alice C. Fremand, Peter T. Fretwell, Jenny A. Gales, Jinyao Gao, Luca Gasperini, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Jennifer Henderson Jencks, Kelly A. Hogan, Jong Kuk Hong, Martin Jakobsson, Laura Jensen, Johnathan Kool, Sergei Larin, Robert D. Larter, German L. Leitchenkov, Benoît Loubrieu, Kevin Mackay, Larry Mayer, Romain Millan, Mathieu Morlighem, Francisco Navidad, Frank-Oliver Nitsche, Yoshifumi Nogi, Cécile Pertuisot, Alexandra L. Post, Hamish D. Pritchard, Autun Purser, Michele Rebesco, Eric Rignot, Jason L. Roberts, Marzia Rovere, Ivan Ryzhov, Chiara Sauli, Thierry Schmitt, Alessandro Silvano, Jodie E. Smith, Helen Snaith, Alex J. Tate, Kirsty Tinto, Philippe Vandenbossche, Pauline Weatherall, Paul Wintersteller, Chunguo Yang, Tao Zhang, and Jan Erik Arndt. The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2 (IBCSO v2). 2022. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.937574.

ibcso(layer, reference='geoid', region=None, spacing=500, registration=None, **kwargs)

Load IBCSO v2 data, from Dorschel et al.[1] and Dorschel et al.[26].

By default the elevations are relative to Mean Sea Level (the geoid). To convert them to be relative to the WGS84 ellipsoid, set reference=”ellipsoid which will add the EIGEN-6C4 geoid anomaly.

Parameters:

• layer (str) – choose which layer to fetch: ‘surface’, ‘bed’

• reference (str, optional) – choose which vertical reference to use, ‘geoid’ or ‘ellipsoid’, by default ‘geoid’

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 500 m

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• **kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of IBCSO data.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

bedmachine(layer, reference='eigen-6c4', region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, hemisphere=None, **kwargs)

Load BedMachine topography data from either Greenland (v5) or Antarctica (v3), from Morlighem[27] or IceBridge BedMachine Greenland, Version 5[28].

Antarctica: Accessed from NSIDC via https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0756/versions/3. Also available from ldeo-glaciology/pangeo-bedmachine

Greenland: Accessed from NSIDC via https://nsidc.org/data/idbmg4/versions/5

Referenced to the EIGEN-6C4 geoid. To convert to be ellipsoid-referenced, we add the geoid grid. use reference=’ellipsoid’ to include this conversion in the fetch call.

For Antarctica: Surface and ice thickness are in ice equivalents. Actual snow surface is from REMA [2], and has had firn thickness added(?) to it to get Bedmachine Surface.

To get snow surface: surface+firn To get firn and ice thickness: thickness+firn

Here, icebase will return a grid of surface-thickness This should be the same as snow-surface - (firn and ice thickness)

Requires an EarthData login, see Tutorials/Download Polar datasets for how to configure this.

Parameters:

• layer (str) – choose which layer to fetch: ‘bed’, ‘dataid’, ‘errbed’, ‘firn’, ‘geoid’, ‘mask’, ‘source’, ‘surface’, ‘thickness’; ‘icebase’ will give results of surface-thickness

• reference (str) – choose whether heights are referenced to ‘eigen-6c4’ geoid or the ‘ellipsoid’ (WGS84), by default is eigen-6c4’

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 500m

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• hemisphere (str, optional) – choose which hemisphere to retrieve data for, “north” or “south”, by default None

• **kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of Bedmachine.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[27]

M. Morlighem. MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica, Version 3. 2022.

[28]

IceBridge BedMachine Greenland, Version 5. https://nsidc.org/data/idbmg4/versions/5, October 2020.

bedmap_points(version, region=None)

Load bedmap point data, choose from Bedmap 1, 2 or 3 or all combined.

All elevations are in meters above the WGS84 ellipsoid.

version == ‘bedmap1’ from Lythe and Vaughan[29]. accessed from https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01619

version == ‘bedmap2’ from Fretwell et al.[30]. accessed from https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01616

version == ‘bedmap3’ from Fremand et al.[31]. accessed from https://data.bas.ac.uk/full-record.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/PDC/01614#access-data download link was found from https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=61100714-1e32-44af-a237-0a517529bc49 under DOI/BEDMAP3 datapoints, right click on the download link and copy link address

Parameters:

• version (str) – choose between ‘bedmap1’, ‘bedmap2’, ‘bedmap3’, or ‘all’, point data

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

Returns:

Return a dataframe, optionally subset by a region

Return type:

pandas.DataFrame

References

[29]

Matthew B. Lythe and David G. Vaughan. BEDMAP: A new ice thickness and subglacial topographic model of Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 106(B6):11335–11351, 2001. doi:10.1029/2000JB900449.

[30] (1,2)

P. Fretwell, H. D. Pritchard, D. G. Vaughan, J. L. Bamber, N. E. Barrand, R. E. Bell, C. Bianchi, R. G. Bingham, D. D. Blankenship, G. Casassa, G. Catania, D. Callens, H. Conway, A. J. Cook, H. F. J. Corr, D. Damaske, V. Damm, F. Ferraccioli, R. Forsberg, S. Fujita, Y. Gim, P. Gogineni, J. A. Griggs, R. C. A. Hindmarsh, P. Holmlund, J. W. Holt, R. W. Jacobel, A. Jenkins, W. Jokat, T. A. Jordan, E. C. King, J. Kohler, W. Krabill, M. Riger-Kusk, K. A. Langley, G. Leitchenkov, C. Leuschen, B. Luyendyk, K. Matsuoka, J. Mouginot, F. O. Nitsche, Y. Nogi, O. A. Nost, S. V. Popov, E. Rignot, D. M. Rippin, A. Rivera, J. Roberts, N. Ross, M. J. Siegert, A. M. Smith, D. Steinhage, M. Studinger, B. Sun, B. K. Tinto, B. C. Welch, D. Wilson, D. A. Young, C. Xiangbin, and A. Zirizzotti. Bedmap2: improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 7(1):375–393, 2013. doi:10.5194/tc-7-375-2013.

[31]

Alice Fremand, Peter Fretwell, Julien Bodart, Hamish Pritchard, A. Aitken, Jonathan Bamber, R.E. Bell, C Bianchi, Robert Bingham, Donald Blankenship, G. Casassa, Ginny Catania, K Christianson, H Conway, Hugh Corr, X. Cui, D Damaske, V. Damn, R. Drews, G. Eagles, O. Eisen, H. Eisermann, Fausto Ferraccioli, Rene Forsberg, S Franke, S. Fujita, Y. Gim, V. Goel, P. Gogineni, J.S. Greenbaum, B. Hills, Richard Hindmarsh, P. Holmlund, N. Holschuh, J.W. Holt, A. Humbert, R. Jacobel, D. Jansen, Adrian Jenkins, Wilfried Jokat, Tom Jordan, Edward King, Jack Kohler, W. Krabill, K. Langley, J. Lee, G. Leitchenkov, C. Leuschen, B. Luyendyk, J. MacGregor, E. MacKie, Kenichi Matsuoka, Mathieu Morlighem, Jeremie Mouginot, Frank Nitsche, Y. Nogi, O. Nost, John Paden, F. Pattyn, S. Popov, M. Riger-Kusk, Eric Rignot, David Rippin, Andres Rivera, Jason Roberts, Neil Ross, A. Ruppel, Dustin Schroeder, Martin Siegert, Andrew Smith, D. Steinhage, M. Studinger, B. Sun, I. Tabacco, Kirsty Tinto, S. Urbini, David Vaughan, B. Welch, D.S. Wilson, Duncan Young, and A. Zirizzotti. BEDMAP3 - Ice thickness, bed and surface elevation for Antarctica - standardised data points. October 2022. doi:10.5285/91523FF9-D621-46B3-87F7-FFB6EFCD1847.

bedmap3(layer, reference='eigen-gl04c', region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, fill_nans=False, **kwargs)

Load Bedmap3 data as an xarray.DataArray from . accessed from https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=2d0e4791-8e20-46a3-80e4-f5f6716025d2.

All grids are by default referenced to the EIGEN-GL04C geoid. Use the reference=’ellipsoid’ to convert to the WGS-84 ellipsoid or reference=’eigen-6c4’ to convert to the EIGEN-6c4 geoid.

Unlike Bedmachine data, Bedmap2 surface and icethickness contain NaN’s over the ocean, instead of 0’s. To fill these NaN’s with 0’s, set fill_nans=True. Note, this only makes since if the reference is the geoid, therefore, if reference=’ellipsoid and fill_nans=True, the nan’s will be filled before converting the results to the geoid (just for surface, since thickness isn’t relative to anything).

Parameters:

• layer (str) – choose which layer to fetch: “surface”, “icebase”, “bed”, “ice_thickness”, “water_thickness”, “bed_uncertainty”, “ice_thickness_uncertainty”, and “mask”.

• reference (str) – choose whether heights are referenced to the ‘eigen-6c4’ geoid, the WGS84 ellipsoid, ‘ellipsoid’, or by default the ‘eigen-gl04c’ geoid.

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional,) – choose between ‘g’ (gridline) or ‘p’ (pixel) registration types, by default is the original type of the grid

• fill_nans (bool, optional,) – choose whether to fill nans in ‘surface’ and ‘thickness’ with 0. If converting to reference to the geoid, will fill nan’s before conversion, by default is False

• **kwargs (optional) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of Bedmap2.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

bedmap2(layer, reference='eigen-gl04c', region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, fill_nans=False, **kwargs)

Load bedmap2 data as xarray.DataArrays from Fretwell et al.[30]. accessed from https://ramadda.data.bas.ac.uk/repository/entry/show?entryid=fa5d606c-dc95-47ee-9016-7a82e446f2f2.

All grids are by default referenced to the EIGEN-GL04C geoid. Use the reference=’ellipsoid’ to convert to the WGS-84 ellipsoid or reference=’eigen-6c4’ to convert to the EIGEN-6c4 geoid.

Unlike Bedmachine data, Bedmap2 surface and icethickness contain NaN’s over the ocean, instead of 0’s. To fill these NaN’s with 0’s, set fill_nans=True. Note, this only makes since if the reference is the geoid, therefore, if reference=’ellipsoid and fill_nans=True, the nan’s will be filled before converting the results to the geoid (just for surface, since thickness isn’t relative to anything).

Parameters:

• layer (str) – choose which layer to fetch: “bed”, “coverage”, “grounded_bed_uncertainty”, “icemask_grounded_and_shelves”, “lakemask_vostok”, “rockmask”, “surface”, “thickness”, “thickness_uncertainty_5km”, “gl04c_geiod_to_WGS84”, “icebase”, “water_thickness”

• reference (str) – choose whether heights are referenced to the ‘eigen-6c4’ geoid, the WGS84 ellipsoid, ‘ellipsoid’, or by default the ‘eigen-gl04c’ geoid.

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional,) – choose between ‘g’ (gridline) or ‘p’ (pixel) registration types, by default is the original type of the grid

• fill_nans (bool, optional,) – choose whether to fill nans in ‘surface’ and ‘thickness’ with 0. If converting to reference to the geoid, will fill nan’s before conversion, by default is False

• **kwargs (optional) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of Bedmap2.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

rema(version='1km', region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Load the REMA surface elevation data from Howat et al.[2]. The data are in EPSG3031 and reference to the WGS84 ellipsoid. To convert the data to be geoid-referenced, subtract a geoid model, which you can get from fetch.geoid().

Choose between “1km” or “500m” resolutions with parameter version.

accessed from https://www.pgc.umn.edu/data/rema/

Parameters:

• version (str, optional,) – choose which resolution to fetch, either “1km” or “500m”, by default is “1km”

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional,) – choose between ‘g’ (gridline) or ‘p’ (pixel) registration types, by default is the original type of the grid

• **kwargs (optional) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of the REMA DEM.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

deepbedmap(region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Load DeepBedMap data, from Leong and Horgan[3] and Leong and Horgan[32].

Parameters:

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• **kwargs (optional) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns the filepath of DeepBedMap.

Return type:

str

References

[32]

Wei Ji Leong and Huw Joseph Horgan. DeepBedMap: A super-resolution neural network created bed topography of Antarctica. November 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4054246.

gravity(version, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, hemisphere=None, **kwargs)

Loads gravity anomaly data for the Arctic and Antarctic.

version=’antgg’ Antarctic-wide gravity data compilation of ground-based, airborne, and shipborne data, from Scheinert et al.[33]. Accessed from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.848168 Anomalies are at the ice surface, or bedrock surface in areas of no ice. These surfaces are defined by Bedmap2 and are relative to the ellipsoid.

version=’antgg-2021’ Updates on 2016 AntGG compilation. Accessed from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.971238?format=html#download Anomalies are at the ice surface, or bedrock surface in areas of no ice. These surfaces are defined by Bedmap2 and are relative to the ellipsoid.

version=’eigen’ Earth gravity grid (eigen-6c4) at 10 arc-min resolution at 10km geometric (ellipsoidal) height from Förste et al.[34]. originally from https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/icgem/showshort.php?id=escidoc:1119897 Accessed via the Fatiando data repository fatiando-data/earth-gravity-10arcmin

Parameters:

• version (str) – choose which version of gravity data to fetch.

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• hemisphere (str, optional) – choose which hemisphere to retrieve data for, “north” or “south”, by default None

• kwargs (Any) – additional kwargs to pass to resample_grid and set the anomaly_type.

Keyword Arguments:

anomaly_type (str) – either ‘FA’ or ‘BA’, for free-air and bouguer anomalies, respectively. For antgg-update can also be ‘DG’ for gravity disturbance, or ‘Err’ for error estimates.

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of either observed, free-air or Bouguer gravity anomalies.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[33]

M. Scheinert, F. Ferraccioli, J. Schwabe, R. Bell, M. Studinger, D. Damaske, W. Jokat, N. Aleshkova, T. Jordan, G. Leitchenkov, D. D. Blankenship, T. M. Damiani, D. Young, J. R. Cochran, and T. D. Richter. New Antarctic gravity anomaly grid for enhanced geodetic and geophysical studies in Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(2):600–610, 2016. doi:10.1002/2015GL067439.

[34] (1,2)

Christoph Förste, \relax Sean.L. Bruinsma, Oleg Abrikosov, Jean-Michel Lemoine, Jean Charles Marty, Frank Flechtner, G. Balmino, F. Barthelmes, and R. Biancale. EIGEN-6C4 The latest combined global gravity field model including GOCE data up to degree and order 2190 of GFZ Potsdam and GRGS Toulouse. 2014. doi:10.5880/ICGEM.2015.1.

etopo(region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, hemisphere=None, **kwargs)

Loads a grid of Antarctic topography from ETOPO1 from ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis[4]. Originally at 10 arc-min resolution, reference to mean sea-level (geoid).

originally from https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.dem:316 Accessed via the Fatiando data repository fatiando-data/earth-topography-10arcmin

Parameters:

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• hemisphere (str, optional) – choose which hemisphere to retrieve data for, “north” or “south”, by default None

• **kwargs (optional) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of topography.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

geoid(region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, hemisphere=None, **kwargs)

Loads a grid of Antarctic geoid heights derived from the EIGEN-6C4 from Förste et al.[34] spherical harmonic model of Earth’s gravity field. Originally at 10 arc-min resolution. Negative values indicate the geoid is below the ellipsoid surface and vice-versa. To convert a topographic grid which is referenced to the ellipsoid to be referenced to the geoid, add this grid. To convert a topographic grid which is referenced to the geoid to be referencde to the ellipsoid, add this grid.

originally from https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/icgem/showshort.php?id=escidoc:1119897 Accessed via the Fatiando data repository fatiando-data/earth-geoid-10arcmin DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5882205

Parameters:

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• hemisphere (str, optional) – choose which hemisphere to retrieve data for, “north” or “south”, by default None

• kwargs (Any) – additional kwargs to pass to resample_grid.

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of geoid height.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

magnetics(version, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, hemisphere=None, **kwargs)

Load magnetic anomaly data for the Arctic and Antarctic. from Golynsky et al.[35] and Golynsky et al.[36].

version=’admap1’ ADMAP-2001 magnetic anomaly compilation of Antarctica. Accessed from http://admap.kopri.re.kr/databases.html

version=’admap2’ ADMAP2 magnetic anomaly compilation of Antarctica from Golynsky et al.[37]. Accessed from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892723?format=html#download

version=’admap2_gdb’ Geosoft-specific .gdb abridged files Golynsky et al.[38]. Accessed from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.892722?format=html#download

version=’LCS-1’ Satellite-only derived magnetic anomaly at Earth’s surface (WGS84 ellipsoid) for spherical harmonic degrees n=14-185 Accessed from https://www.spacecenter.dk/files/magnetic-models/LCS-1/

Parameters:

• version (str) – Either ‘admap1’, ‘admap2’, ‘admap2_gdb’ or ‘LCS-1’.

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (str or int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default 10e3

• registration (str, optional,) – choose between ‘g’ (gridline) or ‘p’ (pixel) registration types, by default is the original type of the grid

• hemisphere (str, optional) – choose which hemisphere to retrieve data for, “north” or “south”, by default None

• kwargs (Any) – key word arguments to pass to resample_grid.

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of magnetic anomalies.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[35]

A. V. Golynsky, F. Ferraccioli, J. K. Hong, D. A. Golynsky, R. R. B. von Frese, D. A. Young, D. D. Blankenship, J. W. Holt, S. V. Ivanov, A. V. Kiselev, V. N. Masolov, G. Eagles, K. Gohl, W. Jokat, D. Damaske, C. Finn, A. Aitken, R. E. Bell, E. Armadillo, T. A. Jordan, J. S. Greenbaum, E. Bozzo, G. Caneva, R. Forsberg, M. Ghidella, J. Galindo-Zaldivar, F. Bohoyo, Y. M. Martos, Y. Nogi, E. Quartini, H. R. Kim, and J. L. Roberts. New Magnetic Anomaly Map of the Antarctic: ADMAP2. Geophysical Research Letters, 45(13):6437–6449, July 2018. doi:10.1029/2018GL078153.

[36]

Alexander Golynsky, Massimo Chiappini, Detlef Damaske, Fausto Ferraccioli, Carol A. Finn, Takemi Ishihara, Hyung Rae Kim, Luis Kovacs, Valery N. Masolov, Peter Morris, and Ralph von Frese. ADMAP — A Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map of the Antarctic. In Dieter Karl Fütterer, Detlef Damaske, Georg Kleinschmidt, Hubert Miller, and Franz Tessensohn, editors, Antarctica: Contributions to Global Earth Sciences, pages 109–116. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006. doi:10.1007/3-540-32934-X_12.

[37]

Alexander V. Golynsky, Fausto Ferraccioli, Jong Kuk Hong, Dmitry A. Golynsky, Ralph R. B. von Frese, Duncan A. Young, Donald D. Blankenship, John W. Holt, Sergey V. Ivanov, Alexander V. Kiselev, Valery N. Masolov, Graeme Eagles, Karsten Gohl, Wilfried Jokat, Detlef Damaske, Carol A. Finn, Alan Aitken, Robin E. Bell, Egidio Armadillo, Tom A. Jordan, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Emanuele Bozzo, Giorgio Caneva, René Forsberg, Marta E. Ghidella, Jesús Galíndo-Zaldívar, Fernando Bohoyo, Yasmina M. Martos, Yoshifumi Nogi, Enrica Quartini, Hyung Rae Kim, and Jason L. Roberts. ADMAP2 Magnetic anomaly map of the Antarctic - links to grid (grd) files. 2018. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.892723.

[38]

Alexander V. Golynsky, Fausto Ferraccioli, Jong Kuk Hong, Dmitry A. Golynsky, Ralph R. B. von Frese, Duncan A. Young, Donald D. Blankenship, John W. Holt, Sergey V. Ivanov, Alexander V. Kiselev, Valery N. Masolov, Graeme Eagles, Karsten Gohl, Wilfried Jokat, Detlef Damaske, Carol A. Finn, Alan Aitken, Robin E. Bell, Egidio Armadillo, Tom A. Jordan, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Emanuele Bozzo, Giorgio Caneva, René Forsberg, Marta E. Ghidella, Jesús Galíndo-Zaldívar, Fernando Bohoyo, Yasmina M. Martos, Yoshifumi Nogi, Enrica Quartini, Hyung Rae Kim, and Jason L. Roberts. ADMAP2 Magnetic anomaly map of the Antarctic - links to ADMAP2 gdb files. 2018. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.892721.

ghf(version, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Load 1 of 6 ‘versions’ of Antarctic geothermal heat flux data.

version=’an-2015’ From An et al.[39]. Accessed from http://www.seismolab.org/model/antarctica/lithosphere/index.html

version=’martos-2017’ From Martos et al.[40] and Martos[41]. Accessed from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.882503

version=’shen-2020’: From Shen et al.[42]. Accessed from https://sites.google.com/view/weisen/research-products?authuser=0 Used https://paperform.co/templates/apps/direct-download-link-google-drive/ to generate a direct download link from google drive page. https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1Fz7dAHTzPnlytuyRNctk6tAugCAjiqzR

version=’burton-johnson-2020’ From Burton-Johnson et al.[43]. Accessed from supplementary material Choose for either of grid, or the point measurements

version=’losing-ebbing-2021’ From Lösing and Ebbing[44] and Lösing and Ebbing[45]. Accessed from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.930237

version=’aq1’ From Stål et al.[46] and Stål et al.[47]. Accessed from https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.924857

Parameters:

• version (str) – Either ‘burton-johnson-2020’, ‘losing-ebbing-2021’, ‘aq1’,

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default spacing is read from downloaded files

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• kwargs (Any) – if version=’burton-johnson-2020’, then kwargs are passed to return point measurements instead of the grid.

• **kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of GHF data.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[39]

Meijian An, Douglas A. Wiens, Yue Zhao, Mei Feng, Andrew Nyblade, Masaki Kanao, Yuansheng Li, Alessia Maggi, and Jean-Jacques Lévêque. Temperature, lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, and heat flux beneath the Antarctic Plate inferred from seismic velocities. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(12):8720–8742, December 2015. doi:10.1002/2015JB011917.

[40]

Yasmina M. Martos, Manuel Catalán, T. A. Jordan, Alexander Golynsky, Dmitry Golynsky, Graeme Eagles, and David G. Vaughan. Heat Flux Distribution of Antarctica Unveiled. Geophysical Research Letters, 44:1–10, November 2017. doi:10.1002/2017GL075609.

[41]

Yasmina M. Martos. Antarctic geothermal heat flux distribution and estimated Curie Depths, links to gridded files. 2017. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.882503.

[42]

Weisen Shen, Douglas A. Wiens, Andrew J. Lloyd, and Andrew A. Nyblade. A geothermal heat flux map of Antarctica empirically constrained by seismic structure. Geophysical Research Letters, 2020. doi:10.1029/2020GL086955.

[43]

Alex Burton-Johnson, Ricarda Dziadek, and Carlos Martin. Geothermal heat flow in Antarctica: current and future directions. The Cryosphere Discussions, pages 1–45, 2020. doi:10.5194/tc-2020-59.

[44]

M. Lösing and J. Ebbing. Predicting Geothermal Heat Flow in Antarctica With a Machine Learning Approach. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, June 2021. doi:10.1029/2020JB021499.

[45]

Mareen Lösing and Jörg Ebbing. Predicted Antarctic Heat Flow and Uncertainties using Machine Learning. 2021. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.930237.

[46]

Tobias Stål, Anya M. Reading, Jacqueline A. Halpin, and Joanne M. Whittaker. Antarctic Geothermal Heat Flow Model: Aq1. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, February 2021. doi:10.1029/2020GC009428.

[47]

Tobias Stål, Anya M. Reading, Jacqueline A. Halpin, and Joanne Whittaker. Antarctic geothermal heat flow model: Aq1. 2020. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.924857.

gia(version, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Load 1 of 1 ‘versions’ of Antarctic glacial isostatic adjustment grids.

version=’stal-2020’ From Stål et al.[48] and Stål et al.[49].

Parameters:

• version (str) – For now the only option is ‘stal-2020’,

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default spacing is read from downloaded files

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• **kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of GIA data.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[48]

Tobias Stål, Anya M. Reading, Jacqueline A. Halpin, Steven J. Phipps, and Joanne M. Whittaker. The Antarctic Crust and Upper Mantle: A Flexible 3D Model and Software Framework for Interdisciplinary Research. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8:577502, November 2020. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.577502.

[49]

Tobias Stål, Anya M. Reading, Jacqueline A. Halpin, Phipps Steven J, and Joanne M. Whittaker. The Antarctic crust and upper mantle: a flexible 3D model and framework for interdisciplinary research. Zenodo, August 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4003423.

crustal_thickness(version, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Load 1 of x ‘versions’ of Antarctic crustal thickness grids.

version=’shen-2018’ Crustal thickness (excluding ice layer) from Shen et al.[50]. Accessed from https://sites.google.com/view/weisen/research-products?authuser=0

version=’an-2015’ Crustal thickness (distance from solid (ice and rock) top to Moho discontinuity) from An et al.[51]. Accessed from http://www.seismolab.org/model/antarctica/lithosphere/index.html#an1s File is the AN1-CRUST model, paper states “Moho depths and crustal thicknesses referred to below are the distance from the solid surface to the Moho. We note that this definition of Moho depth is different from that in the compilation of AN-MOHO”. Unclear, but seems moho depth is just negative of crustal thickness. Not sure if its to the ice surface or ice base.

Parameters:

• version (str) – Either ‘shen-2018’, will add later: ‘lamb-2020’, ‘an-2015’, ‘baranov’, ‘chaput’, ‘crust1’, ‘szwillus’, ‘llubes’, ‘pappa’, ‘stal’

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default spacing is read from downloaded files

• registration (str, optional) – change registration with either ‘p’ for pixel or ‘g’ for gridline registration, by default is None.

• **kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of crustal thickness.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[50] (1,2)

Weisen Shen, Douglas A. Wiens, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Richard C. Aster, Peter Gerstoft, Peter D. Bromirski, Samantha E. Hansen, Ian W. D. Dalziel, David S. Heeszel, Audrey D. Huerta, Andrew A. Nyblade, Ralph Stephen, Terry J. Wilson, and J. Paul Winberry. The crust and upper mantle structure of Central and West Antarctica from bayesian inversion of Rayleigh wave and receiver functions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123(9):7824–7849, 2018. doi:10.1029/2017JB015346.

[51] (1,2)

Meijian An, Douglas A. Wiens, Yue Zhao, Mei Feng, Andrew A. Nyblade, Masaki Kanao, Yuansheng Li, Alessia Maggi, and Jean-Jacques Lévêque. S-velocity model and inferred Moho topography beneath the Antarctic Plate from Rayleigh waves: Antarctic S-velocities and Moho. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(1):359–383, 2015. doi:10.1002/2014JB011332.

moho(version, region=None, spacing=None, registration=None, **kwargs)

Load 1 of x ‘versions’ of Antarctic Moho depth grids.

version=’shen-2018’ Depth to the Moho relative to the surface of solid earth (bottom of ice/ocean) from Shen et al.[50]. Accessed from https://sites.google.com/view/weisen/research-products?authuser=0 Appears to be almost identical to crustal thickness from Shen et al. 2018

version=’an-2015’ This is fetch.crustal_thickness(version=’an-2015)* -1 Documentation is unclear whether the An crust model from An et al.[51] is crustal thickness or moho depths, or whether it makes a big enough difference to matter.

version=’pappa-2019’ from Pappa et al.[52]. Accessed from supplement material

Parameters:

• version (str) – Either ‘shen-2018’, ‘an-2015’, ‘pappa-2019’, will add later: ‘lamb-2020’, ‘baranov’, ‘chaput’, ‘crust1’, ‘szwillus’, ‘llubes’,

• region (tuple[float, float, float, float], optional) – region to clip the loaded grid to, in format [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax], by default doesn’t clip

• spacing (int, optional) – grid spacing to resample the loaded grid to, by default spacing is read from downloaded files

• registration (str, optional,) – choose between ‘g’ (gridline) or ‘p’ (pixel) registration types, by default is the original type of the grid

• **kwargs (Any) – additional keyword arguments to pass to the resample_grid function

Returns:

Returns a loaded, and optional clip/resampled grid of crustal thickness.

Return type:

xarray.DataArray

References

[52]

F. Pappa, J. Ebbing, and F. Ferraccioli. Moho Depths of Antarctica: Comparison of Seismic, Gravity, and Isostatic Results. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 20(3):1629–1645, March 2019. doi:10.1029/2018GC008111.