Geothermal Heat Flux

Geothermal Heat Flux#

Description:

Geothermal heat flux estimates from various sources for Antarctica, both point-measurements and regional gridded data.

Datasets:

Martos, Yasmina M. “Antarctic Geothermal Heat Flux Distribution and Estimated Curie Depths, Links to Gridded Files.” Supplement to: Martos, Yasmina M; Catalán, Manuel; Jordan, Tom A; Golynsky, Alexander V; Golynsky, Dmitry A; Eagles, Graeme; Vaughan, David G (2017): Heat Flux Distribution of Antarctica Unveiled. Geophysical Research Letters, 44(22), 11417-11426, Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/2017GL075609. PANGAEA, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.882503.

Lösing, Mareen, and Jörg Ebbing. “Predicted Antarctic Heat Flow and Uncertainties Using Machine Learning.” PANGAEA, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.930237.

Stål, Tobias, Anya M. Reading, Jacqueline A. Halpin, and Joanne Whittaker. “Antarctic Geothermal Heat Flow Model: Aq1.” PANGAEA, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.924857.

Associated papers:

An, Meijian, Douglas A. Wiens, Yue Zhao, Mei Feng, Andrew Nyblade, Masaki Kanao, Yuansheng Li, Alessia Maggi, and Jean‐Jacques Lévêque. “Temperature, Lithosphere‐asthenosphere Boundary, and Heat Flux beneath the Antarctic Plate Inferred from Seismic Velocities.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 120, no. 12 (December 2015): 8720–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011917.

Martos, Yasmina M., Manuel Catalán, T. A. Jordan, Alexander Golynsky, Dmitry Golynsky, Graeme Eagles, and David G. Vaughan. “Heat Flux Distribution of Antarctica Unveiled.” Geophysical Research Letters 44 (November 28, 2017): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075609.

Burton-Johnson, Alex, Ricarda Dziadek, and Carlos Martin. “Geothermal Heat Flow in Antarctica: Current and Future Directions.” The Cryosphere Discussions, 2020, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-59.

Lösing, M., and J. Ebbing. “Predicting Geothermal Heat Flow in Antarctica With a Machine Learning Approach.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126, no. 6 (June 2021). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB021499.

Stål, Tobias, Anya M. Reading, Jacqueline A. Halpin, and Joanne M. Whittaker. “Antarctic Geothermal Heat Flow Model: Aq1.” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 22, no. 2 (February 2021). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009428.

Shen, Weisen, Douglas A. Wiens, Andrew J. Lloyd, and Andrew A. Nyblade. “A Geothermal Heat Flux Map of Antarctica Empirically Constrained by Seismic Structure.” Geophysical Research Letters 47, no. 14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL086955.

[2]:

%%capture
%load_ext autoreload
%autoreload 2


from polartoolkit import fetch, maps, regions, utils

[3]:

version_names = [
    "an-2015",
    "martos-2017",
    "burton-johnson-2020",
    "losing-ebbing-2021",
    "aq1",
    "shen-2020",
]

grids = []
for name in version_names:
    data = fetch.ghf(
        version=name,
        # available options
        # region,
        # spacing,
        # registration ("g" for gridline or "p" for pixel),
    )
    grids.append(data)
    print(f"Info for {name}")
    _ = utils.get_grid_info(data, print_info=True)
    print("##########")

Info for an-2015
grid spacing: 5000.0 m
grid region: (-3330000.0, 3330000.0, -3330000.0, 3330000.0)
grid zmin: 26.5547351837
grid zmax: 102.389022827
grid registration: g
##########
Info for martos-2017
grid spacing: 15000.0 m
grid region: (-2535000.0, 2715000.0, -2130000.0, 2220000.0)
grid zmin: 42.6263694763
grid zmax: 240.510910034
grid registration: g
##########
Info for burton-johnson-2020
grid spacing: 17000.0 m
grid region: (-2543500.0, 2624500.0, -2121500.0, 2213500.0)
grid zmin: 42.2533454895
grid zmax: 106.544433594
grid registration: p
##########
Info for losing-ebbing-2021
grid spacing: 5000.0 m
grid region: (-2990000.0, 2990000.0, -2990000.0, 2990000.0)
grid zmin: 24.609621048
grid zmax: 144.53793335
grid registration: g
##########
Info for aq1
grid spacing: 20071.6845878 m
grid region: (-2800000.0, 2800000.0, -2800000.0, 2800000.0)
grid zmin: 18.9787025452
grid zmax: 220.017990112
grid registration: g
##########
Info for shen-2020
grid spacing: 10000.0 m
grid region: (-2800000.0, 2800000.0, -2800000.0, 2800000.0)
grid zmin: 40.061290741
grid zmax: 85.3333892822
grid registration: g
##########

/home/mattd/miniforge3/envs/polartoolkit/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pygmt/clib/session.py:657: RuntimeWarning: The definition of projected CRS EPSG:3031 got from GeoTIFF keys is not the same as the one from the EPSG registry, which may cause issues during reprojection operations. Set GTIFF_SRS_SOURCE configuration option to EPSG to use official parameters (overriding the ones from GeoTIFF keys), or to GEOKEYS to use custom values from GeoTIFF keys and drop the EPSG code.
  status = c_call_module(self.session_pointer, module.encode(), mode, argv)
/home/mattd/miniforge3/envs/polartoolkit/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pygmt/clib/session.py:1673: RuntimeWarning: Grid may have irregular spacing in the 'X' dimension, but GMT only supports regular spacing. Calculated regular spacing 20071.685546875 is assumed in the 'X' dimension.
  matrix, region, inc = dataarray_to_matrix(grid)
/home/mattd/miniforge3/envs/polartoolkit/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pygmt/clib/session.py:1673: RuntimeWarning: Grid may have irregular spacing in the 'Y' dimension, but GMT only supports regular spacing. Calculated regular spacing 20071.685546875 is assumed in the 'Y' dimension.
  matrix, region, inc = dataarray_to_matrix(grid)

[4]:

burton_johnson_points = fetch.ghf(
    version="burton-johnson-2020",
    points=True,
)
burton_johnson_points

[4]:

	lat	lon	Station ID	top (m)	bot (m)	grad	k(W/mK)	GHF	err	Elevation (m.a.s.l.)	Reference	DOI	DataQuality	Method	Comment	x	y
27	-84.436800	-162.859100	WGZ	0.2	1.4		1.77	88.0	7	NaN	Begeman2017	https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl075579	S1	Unconsolidated sediments	3 km downstream of the Whillans ice stream Gro...	-1.782810e+05	-5.780430e+05
28	-76.066700	164.883300	ANT008St6	2.0	3.4	98	0.68	66.3	5.2	-912.0	Blackman1987	https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.802482	S2	Unconsolidated sediments	NaN	3.966790e+05	-1.468456e+06
29	-74.483300	168.166700	ANT009ST9	1.0	3.4	108	0.73	73.3	11.7	-909.0	Blackman1987	https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.802482	S2	Unconsolidated sediments	NaN	3.477678e+05	-1.659851e+06
30	-77.850000	166.675000	DVDP-3/Ross Island	220.0	260	45	2.01	92.0	NaN	48.0	Bucher1980	https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.806603	R2	Bedrock borehole	NaN	3.053547e+05	-1.289228e+06
31	-77.850000	166.675000	DVDP-3/Ross Island	160.0	220	37	2.26	84.0	NaN	48.0	Bucher1980	https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.806603	R2	Bedrock borehole	NaN	3.053547e+05	-1.289228e+06
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
432	-77.089333	164.498861	CIROS-1	150.0	600	40	2	80.0		NaN	White1989	https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.807847	R2	Bedrock borehole	NaN	3.764326e+05	-1.357267e+06
433	-66.033333	-64.066667	LARISSA Site Beta, Bruce Plateau	2.5	420.94		NaN	80.0		NaN	Zagorodnov2012	https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-675-2012	I2	Ice borehole	NaN	-2.375194e+06	1.155040e+06
438	-70.650000	-21.583300	IO15-39	NaN	10		0.98	60.0		-4398.0	Zlotnicki1980	https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i006p00421	S2	Unconsolidated sediments	bot (m) from depths in https://doi.org/10.1029...	-7.805228e+05	1.973056e+06
439	-69.983300	-26.050000	IO15-40	NaN	5		0.96	84.0		-4549.0	Zlotnicki1980	https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i006p00421	S1	Unconsolidated sediments	bot (m) from depths in https://doi.org/10.1029...	-9.645445e+05	1.973237e+06
444	-66.250000	-33.066700	IO15-52	NaN	11		0.86	64.0		-4933.0	Zlotnicki1980	https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i006p00421	S2	Unconsolidated sediments	bot (m) from depths in https://doi.org/10.1029...	-1.427655e+06	2.192803e+06

187 rows × 17 columns

[5]:

cpt_lims = utils.get_combined_min_max(grids, robust=True)

fig = maps.subplots(
    grids,
    region=regions.antarctica,
    fig_title="Geothermal Heat Flux Models",
    titles=version_names,
    cbar_label="mW/m²",
    coast=True,
    cmap="thermal",
    cpt_lims=cpt_lims,
    hemisphere="south",
    points=burton_johnson_points,
    points_cmap=True,
    points_fill="GHF",
    points_pen=".6p,black",
    hist=True,
)

fig.show(dpi=200)

/home/mattd/miniforge3/envs/polartoolkit/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pygmt/clib/session.py:657: RuntimeWarning: The definition of projected CRS EPSG:3031 got from GeoTIFF keys is not the same as the one from the EPSG registry, which may cause issues during reprojection operations. Set GTIFF_SRS_SOURCE configuration option to EPSG to use official parameters (overriding the ones from GeoTIFF keys), or to GEOKEYS to use custom values from GeoTIFF keys and drop the EPSG code.
  status = c_call_module(self.session_pointer, module.encode(), mode, argv)
/home/mattd/miniforge3/envs/polartoolkit/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pygmt/clib/session.py:1673: RuntimeWarning: Grid may have irregular spacing in the 'X' dimension, but GMT only supports regular spacing. Calculated regular spacing 20071.685546875 is assumed in the 'X' dimension.
  matrix, region, inc = dataarray_to_matrix(grid)
/home/mattd/miniforge3/envs/polartoolkit/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pygmt/clib/session.py:1673: RuntimeWarning: Grid may have irregular spacing in the 'Y' dimension, but GMT only supports regular spacing. Calculated regular spacing 20071.685546875 is assumed in the 'Y' dimension.
  matrix, region, inc = dataarray_to_matrix(grid)

../../_images/datasets_antarctica_geothermal_heat_flux_4_1.png